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Sound intensity3/19/2023 Timbre is the shape of the wave that arises from the many reflections, resonances, and superposition in an instrument.Ī unit called a phon is used to express loudness numerically. We call our perception of these combinations of frequencies and intensities tone quality or, more commonly, the timbre of the sound. The reason is that each instrument produces a distinctive set of frequencies and intensities. When a violin plays middle C, there is no mistaking it for a piano playing the same note. Sounds near the high- and low-frequency extremes of the hearing range seem even less loud, because the ear is less sensitive at those frequencies. Frequency has a major effect on how loud a sound seems. But loudness is not related to intensity alone. ![]() At a given frequency, it is possible to discern differences of about 1 dB, and a change of 3 dB is easily noticed. The perception of intensity is called loudness. Musical notes are sounds of a particular frequency that can be produced by most instruments and in Western music have particular names, such as A-sharp, C, or E-flat. For example, 500.0 and 501.5 Hz are noticeably different. Typically, humans have excellent relative pitch and can discriminate between two sounds if their frequencies differ by 0.3% or more. The perception of frequency is called pitch. It can give us a wealth of simple information-such as pitch, loudness, and direction. The human ear has a tremendous range and sensitivity. ![]() An undisturbed parcel of a medium with a volume V=A\text
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